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Diagnosis [edit] Various phases of the disease: Chest radiograph (A) and high-resolution computed tomography (B) at medical facility admission, repeat high-resolution computerized tomography of the chest a week after medical facility admission (C, D), shown in a 42-year-old male with severe pneumonia triggered by L. pneumophila serogroup 11a People of any age might develop Legionnaires' disease, but the disease most frequently impacts middle-aged and older individuals, particularly those who smoke cigarettes or have persistent lung disease.

Pontiac fever most typically occurs in those who are otherwise healthy. [] The most useful diagnostic tests discover the germs in coughed-up mucous, discover Legionella antigens in urine samples, or permit contrast of Legionella antibody levels in 2 blood samples taken 36 weeks apart. A urine antigen test is basic, fast, and very trusted, however just discovers L.

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pneumophila, which indicates usage of the urine antigen test alone might miss out on as numerous as 30% of cases.  Source  was established by Richard Kohler in 1982. When dealing with L. pneumophila serogroup 1, the urine antigen test works for early detection of Legionnaire's disease and initiation of treatment, and has actually been practical in early detection of outbreaks.

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The Legionella germs can be cultured from sputum or other respiratory samples. Legionella spp. stain poorly with Gram stain, stain positive with silver, and are cultured on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine (CYE agar). A significant under-reporting issue accompanies legionellosis. Even in nations with effective health services and readily available diagnostic testing, about 90% of cases of Legionnaires' disease are missed.

An additional problem is that people with legionellosis can present with a vast array of symptoms, a few of which (such as diarrhea) might sidetrack clinicians from making a proper diagnosis. Avoidance [modify] Although the risk of Legionnaires' illness being spread out by massive water supply can not be eliminated, it can be significantly minimized by composing and implementing a highly detailed, methodical water security plan appropriate for the specific facility involved (office building, healthcare facility, hotel, day spa, cruise ship, etc) Some of the components that such a plan might consist of are: Keep water temperature level either above or below the 2050 C (68122 F) variety in which the Legionella bacterium prospers.